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Index Development and Methodology
Index Development Process and Model
The Index has been peer-reviewed by Statistics Canada and leading organizations, and is being used for research, impact measurement and multiple applications.
The Index was developed over more than five years based on an iterative process to regressing and evaluating over 35 potential indicators against self-reported “financial resilience” or “financial stress” measures, using the multiple linear regression technique. In the end, nine variables were determined to account for 62 percent of the variance in the financial resilience construct as of June 2022 and 64 per cent of the variance in the financial resilience construct as of February 2021. The regression model’s indicators (independent variables) are significant at a 95% confidence interval, with p-values less than 0.05.
The regression model has been validated against all years of Financial Well-being studies data between 2017 and 2022. This has revealed consistency in results, represented by a strong R-squared as well and similar weights of the independent variables as predictors of financial resilience. Note: weightings for the model are based on their overall contribution to the dependent variable in the model and are not equal.
Based on 2017 and 2018 data, six of the nine index model independent variables were available, and in the 2019 data, severn of the independent variables were available. All nine variables are available based on the February 2020 Index baseline data. In July 2022, one of the two variables within the debt composite indicator was replaced.
There were five stages of index development and validation:
- Identification of potential indicators
- Data collection for Index development
- Regression model development with different combinations of potential indicators
- Indicator selection and
- Model validation.
Index tracking is conducted at least annually, with tracking every four months in 2020 and 2021. Tracking is conducted based on the needs of our clients and partners, with the June 2022 Index to be published over the coming months.
Index indicators and data are part of longitudinal financial health, resilience and stress longitudinal data from the 2017-2022 Financial Well-Being studies, created by Seymour Consulting. This is a 15‐minute online survey conducted with 5,000 adult Canadians from a representative sample of the population by province, age, gender, and household income, with respondents recruited through the Angus Reid Forum, Canada’s most engaged and respected online panel.
The Financial Well-Being studies and Index build on the Financial Well-Being Framework developed by Seymour Consulting in 2016.
Financial Well-Being Framework
Seymour Financial Resilience Index™ is a trademark used under licence.
Why we Created the Index
Since the first Financial Well-Being study launched in 2017, it has been clear that financial stress, and financial vulnerability are mainstream issues in Canada, with 78% of the population not ‘Financial Resilient’ and 25% of households having a liquid savings buffer of less than three weeks as of February 2023. Financial vulnerability and hardship are much more significant for more vulnerable and underserved populations, with many knock-on effects impacting the health, personal well-being and lives of Canadians.
Our Index highlights that there is a strong connection between financial well-being and overall personal well-being, and between financial resilience and the overall resilience. The pandemic was a major shock to households, but financial vulnerability was a challenge before then, and is still a challenge post-pandemic. Our data shows are also many gaps that can be filled for Canadians and specific populations – including from a financial inclusion and financial empowerment perspective.
The Index was created by Eloise Duncan of Seymour Management Consulting Inc., her social enterprise which has now become the non-profit Financial Resilience Institute.
The Index is being levered as community asset for good. It has many applications, but one of its most important ones is to shine a light on Canadian populations that are most financially vulnerable and/or underserved. This enables robust independent impact measurement, support financial health and resilience innovation and targeted interventions for specific customer, citizen, employee or community populations over time.
June 2023 Index Report
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Joint Report with Statistics Canada on Canadians' Financial Resilience and Financial Well-being during COVID-19
The Financial Vulnerability and Challenges of Key Populations report
Financial Inclusion and Access to Financial Help Challenges for more Financially Vulnerable or Underserved Populations
As a non-profit and the leading independent authority on financial well-being in Canada, our goal is to help build a financial resilient, inclusive and equitable Canada. We appreciate this is a journey and cross-sector collaboration is key for success. We’re passionate about bringing our expertise, Index and assets to help Canadians, global citizens and those who need help most, while delivering financial, business, customer and social impact benefits for our clients, partners, subscribers and stakeholders.
We’re also working to help individual Canadians to understand and maintain or improve their financial resilience in ways that matter to them.
Find out more about Index applications or contact us to learn more.